Wednesday, 28 December 2016

Flaxseed - The Super Food That Provides Nutritional Value While You Lose Weight

In our efforts to lose weight, we sometimes fall short of getting the proper nutrition required for proper bodily function. Flaxseed is one food that should be eaten in order to maintain consumption of vitamins and minerals while achieving weight loss. These are some important nutrients and how they affect our well being:
 
Omega-3 -These are good fats because they lower blood pressure and increase HDL or good cholesterol. Another advantage of omega -3 is that it reduces inflammation that causes diseases such as Arthritis, They also reduce the danger of blood clotting.
 
Fibre - Promotes good digestive function which aids in the elimination of fats and toxins from the body. Fibre keeps you full which promotes weight loss.
 
Protein - Affects every cell of your body. Aids in building and repair of muscles and other tissues in the body including bones, skin and blood.
 
B Complex Vitamins - This group of vitamins help to increase metabolism, eliminate acne and increases muscles. It also enhances immune and nervous system function.
 
 
Recommended Daily Intake
 
The amount you consume depends on the way your body reacts to flaxseed. In addition to its nutritional value, flaxseed is used by some as a laxative. For that reason, start with about 1/2 to 1 tsp per day, and gradually increase you intake to approximately two tablespoons per day. Make sure to drink plenty of water.
 
Since flaxseed has a nutty flavour, it can be used to enhance the flavor of the foods you choose. Whole flaxseeds cannot be digested do it is recommended that you use the ground product to allow for absorption of the nutritional components.
 
 
Easy Methods to Include Flaxseed in Your Diet
 
Mix ground flax seeds in yogurt, muffins, bread and more. Spice up your salads with a sprinkle of ground flaxseed. A good mix is to add to your oatmeal at breakfast to kick start metabolism for the day while enjoying the nutritional benefits.
 
This recipe was taken from the flaxseed pro website and is a great drink to have for breakfast. Substitute other fruits you may like.
 
Strawberry-Banana Flax Seed shake
6 oz (3/4 cup) cold milk
1/4 cup frozen strawberries
1/2 banana
3 Tbsp ground flax seed
Blend milk, strawberries, and banana together. Add ground flax seed.
 
 
As you can see, flaxseed is easily added to your diet. Take advantage of the nutritional benefits of this super food while you reach your weight loss goals.



Author: Carolyn Williams

Article source

7 Simple Strategies to Kill Cravings and Lose Weight

This is an article from 2008 but the message still holds true and I think it is worth sharing to everyone, let me know what you think 


Americans are well-aware of common addictions: smoking, caffeine, alcohol, amphetamines, prescription pain meds, and sleeping pills. However, most of us are blind to this country's biggest addiction of all: Food. The shocking truth is that too much weight now kills more people than cigarette smoking.

Yes, food is addictive - as we all can attest. Whether it's a physical, mental, emotional, conditional, cultural, or all-of-the-above addiction makes no difference. We're hooked, and that's why it's so tough to beat those cravings that loudly lure us in, no matter how much we try to think or talk ourselves out of them.

For some of us, it's sweets that woo; for others, it's salt. It can be greasy chips we choose, or diet pop we gulp. Bread soothes, meat rules, cheese pleads. Countless combos connive to command and control. And let's not forget the dark devil himself, a seductive master who leaves us weak in the knees and vacant of sense...chocolate.

Whichever cravings hold you hostage, these seven strategies can help you escape - freeing you to lose weight, sidestep diseases, and build health.

1. Satisfy Your Hunger Drive
You must control your hunger drive to lose and maintain ideal weight - a mythical cultural mantra you may believe. When you fail to control your hunger and give in once more to your cravings, you feel inherently weak, lacking will power and self-control. Delete that myth from your brain. Your hunger drive cannot be controlled. It is a natural instinct, and, like all human instincts, it keeps you alive.

When you're thirsty, you drink. When you're sleepy, you sleep. When you're hungry, guess what? You should eat. Simply fill up on the right foods that satisfy your hunger drive (see Strategy #2). Yippee! You are now free to eat until you're full.

Remember to listen to your brain and stop eating before your stomach begs for mercy. And when you're hungry again, truly hungry and not just needy for emotional comfort or relief from boredom, eat! Who would have thunk it? You get to eat when you're hungry!

Cravings, triggered by hunger, can be crushed, if you stop waging war with your hunger drive and start satisfying it by filling up on the best-for-you foods.

2. Fill Up on Good-Guy Carbs
For all the carb confusion, there is one glaring fact. All carbs are not created equally. The good-guy carbohydrates, sourced by whole, fresh fruits, vegetables, unrefined grains (brown rice, not breads) and legumes, satisfy your hunger drive, thereby calming cravings. When one of your goodies, but baddie screams at you, whether mid-afternoon or during evening T.V. viewing, eat and fill up on nature's best-for-you foods first, and be amazed by the fading of the craving.

Hint: For cravings to disappear, you must eat enough of the best-for-you foods to really and truly fill you up.

3. Ditch Bad-Boy Carbs
On the other hand, the bad boys incite cravings. Steer clear of them. Scout them out and ban them from your house, workplace, and car. As experience teaches, the more refined sugar, desserts, baked goods, breads, salty snacks, and chocolate you eat, the more hooked you get. If they are out of sight, they are much easier to avoid.

The natural sugars and sodium (nature's salt), wrapped up in nature's perfect, nutrient-dense package of fruits, vegetables, unrefined grains, and legumes, are your biggest allies to successfully fight and conquer cravings. When cravings call, be sure to first load up on these foods, especially whole fruits and vegetables, to render those sabotaging urges powerless.

4. Graze on Fruit for Breakfast
Fresh fruit expedites your freedom from cravings. The challenge is - eating enough fruit in a day when traditional food faves demand front stage and centre. Rather than breakfasting on the typical bad-boy carbs which trigger cravings (dried-up cereal from a box, quick oats, brown-coloured white toast, pancakes, pop tarts, pastries), fat-laden bacon and eggs, or just a cup of pick-me-up-then-crash-me-down, why not jump out of the breakfast box and fill your morning and stomach with nature's best craving crushers - fresh fruits?

Pay attention to your hunger drive and eat enough whole fruits, approximately four to ten, to fill you up and satisfy you. Grazing on whole, fresh fruits until noon helps shut the gate before the cravings get out of the barn, gain momentum, and sneak attack later in the day. Try it. See how many whole fresh fruits fill you up and behold your incredible shrinking cravings.

5. Keep Healthy Snacks Handy
Whether at home, work, or on the go, think ahead and keep healthy snacks with you at all times - cut-up veggies, fruit, and raw, unsalted nuts and seeds. That way, when cravings start crooning, your fortifications will stop them dead in their tracks.

6. Stop the Diet-go-Round - Forever
Sure diets work, for a while - until they don't. But they are excellent at one thing - adding red-hot fuel to your cravings.

First, diets deprive you of your food faves - until you can't stand it, give in, and sneak them back into your life. Second, diets restrict calories and portions, leaving you hungry, making you crave more, and building that food frenzy to a height that consumes your thoughts and your life until...you give in. Third, diets often limit the major nutrient, carbohydrates. With a shortage of good-guy carbs, cravings take control, and you grab the first bad-guy carb in sight. The result: you feel like a hopeless failure one more time.

So the next time you're tempted to diet, just remember one thing: Diets Don't Work!

7. Add and Wiggle!
Okay. Let's face it right now. You're not perfect. You will never be perfect. Nor do you have to be perfect to finally be free from food cravings. So give yourself some wiggle room. Instead of proclaiming that you're never ever going to be seduced by one of your food friends again (that's not going to happen so why go there?), try a new strategy.

Think addition, not subtraction. In other words, instead of trapping yourself in a restrictive food-box of "can't haves," depriving yourself from the get-go, think about which foods you "get to" add to your day that will give you the most nutrition for your calorie buck. These are the very same foods - fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes - that will short-stop those cravings that have enslaved you for decades.

Then follow the 80/20 Rule. Eighty percent of the time when meals and snacks are routine without holidays, birthdays, or get-togethers, add and fill up first on those best-for-you foods. The other twenty percent of the time, don't worry about it and wiggle! Just beware you don't wiggle too much.


No matter how diligent you are at incorporating these 7 Strategies into specific action steps in your daily life, if you are a mere mortal, there will be times when a goodie, but baddie will hop into your open-like-a-baby-bird mouth, and when you least expect it. No worries, with persistent mindfulness, time, and patience, you can unlock that trap door, free yourself from cravings, and build your body-dream-come-true.


Author:  Dr. Leslie Van Romer, author of the weight-loss book, "Getting Into Your Pants," is a chiropractor, speaker and expert in weight loss, diet and nutrition. She empowers individuals with direction and hope to lose weight, boost health and feel good about themselves.

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Tuesday, 27 December 2016

What Makes Green Tea Different from Other Teas

People in Asia, especially in China and Japan, have been consuming green tea for centuries. History suggests that many herbalists in the region used green organic tea to make remedies for various illnesses. Since the ancient time, green organic tea has been one of the most indispensable products in China and Japan and even today, most of the people love to take green organic tea all day long.
 
However, it is an unfortunate fact that people in the west have realized the advantages of green organic tea only later in this century, but the number of green organic tea consumers is hugely increasing with time. Green organic tea is a product with loads of beneficial properties, and even more of it is yet to be discovered. However, in order to learn more about green organic tea, research works have been carried out by several laboratories across the world. In this article, we will talk about key differences between green organic tea and other tea variants.
Processing Differences
Although most of the tea variants come from the same tea plant, the processing technique brings all the difference between their quality and flavour. Unlike black tea, processing companies do not ferment the green organic tea. In the case of green tea, leaves are kept in wither for nearly 24 hours, so that all the water on their surface evaporates. In order to prevent any kind of oxidation, leaves are steamed, after which they are rolled and dried again.
Differences in Flavour
Processing companies always try to retain the original taste of the plant in the green organic tea and that it why they try to keep its taste as much as natural. However, many green organic tea consumers have described it having a somewhat “grassy taste”, as it becomes bitter if over brewed.
The taste of the green organic tea often depends on flavour, which the processing company has added in it. In order to bring the best flavour, many companies blend green organic tea with herbs and fruits.
Caffeine Content and Health Benefits 
Compared to black tea, green tea comes with only half the amount of caffeine available in black tea, as green organic tea contains only 20 mg of caffeine per serving, while the black tea comes with 40. Researchers found that caffeine available in tea is less like to bring jitters than other drinks with high caffeine quantity.
Health benefits of green organic tea have already been proven by renowned laboratories across the world, as researchers have found that the properties available in green organic tea are very effective in curing and preventing many diseases. According to researchers, green organic tea is the house of natural anti-oxidants that make the product one of the most effective health protectors.
Health Benefits of Green Tea in Details 
Helps Curing Cancer: Several studies have revealed that properties available in green organic tea can prevent the possibility of developing cancer. In addition, the product can help cancer patients to cure some form of the disease.
Lowers LDL Cholesterol Level: Latest studies have found that antioxidants properties in green organic tea are highly effective in reducing LDL cholesterol in human body. The tea is also known as an effective remedy to inhibit the formation of unnatural blood clots that can lead to heart attack.
Prevents the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease: Studies show that people who consume Green Tea every day are less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease. The antioxidant properties in green organic tea can slow down the development of Alzheimer’s disease.
Helps Fighting Obesity: Obesity is definitely one of the fatal health conditions in the world causing deaths of thousands every year. However, weight loss is one of the best treatments one can follow to get rid of obesity and the green tea is one of the most effective tools in the process.
Consuming green organic tea as a diet supplement means there will be fewer instances of jitteriness and sudden surge in heart rate. Green tea also helps in regulating insulin in the human body, which is highly beneficial for diabetics. Thus, Buy Green Tea Online or from physical stores and enjoy its beneficial properties for your own health benefits.
 
 
Author: Soham Daga
Executive Vice President Of Halmari Tea company. Worked at J Thomas for 2 years which included tea tasting on a very big scale and understanding buying patterns of buyers. J Thomas - the largest tea auctioneers in the world and has the largest tasting room in the world.  https://www.halmaritea.com/

Friday, 23 December 2016

HEALTHY Holiday Recipes: Cookies, Chocolate & MORE!

As its Christmas and we all deserve a treat, eaten in moderation of course!  Enjoy this video, make some treats and let me know if they are were that good, I'd love to know






How to stay healthy over Christmas


Wondering how you're going to survive the holiday party season? Good Food nutritionist, Kerry Torrens shares her secrets for staying healthy over Christmas, avoiding overindulgence and beating the morning-after blues.
 
"My diet is pretty good most of the time, as you'd expect" says Kerry, "but the party season is tricky. Here are my strategies for coping with the overindulgence and late nights that are an inevitable but enjoyable part of the festive season."


Everything starts with breakfast


If I'm going out in the evening, I'll start the day with a generous bowl of porridge, topped with a handful of cranberries and a sprinkle of cinnamon. Porridge stabilises blood sugar levels, which helps control appetite later in the day. I also add a good dollop of probiotic yogurt, which helps boost immunity as well as combat some of the less beneficial effects of the party season, like too much alcohol and not enough sleep



Breakfast ideas:
  • Cinnamon porridge with banana & berries
  • Porridge plus
  • Porridge with blueberry compo


Stay hydrated


On the day of a big night out, and the day after, I make a conscious effort to drink 6-8 glasses of water, or plenty of herbal teas or diluted juice. Even mild dehydration can lead to a headache and combined with the diuretic effects of alcohol makes maintaining your fluid intake so important. Regular teas and coffee count towards your fluid intake, but caffeinated versions shouldn't make up your full quota. I sometimes struggle to drink enough when it's cold, so I'll take a full glass of water to bed with me at night and start the day with a second. I make sure I've drunk both before I have my breakfast.


Sensible snacking


If I'm hungry when I arrive at a party, I struggle to resist the canapés, so I always have a pre-party snack. One of my favourites is a small pot of plain yogurt with a sliced banana. The yogurt's protein slows stomach emptying, which helps delay the effects of that first glass of wine while the potassium-rich banana helps balance any increase in my salt intake - especially helpful if I'm going to be nibbling on olives, crisps or salted nuts. I know I'm better off eating before I go to a party because I'm more likely to stick to my resolve when the canapés come round a second or third time. Other snacks which do the trick include granary toast with nut butter, a bowl of muesli with milk, or a mug of chunky vegetable soup


Pre-party snack ideas:
  • Peanut butter & banana on toast
  • Italian vegetable soup
  • Indian chickpea & vegetable soup


Back away from the buffet


Buffets can be a disaster zone - so I make sure I fill half my plate with salad and vegetables, and the rest with protein-based canapés like salmon and chicken. I take my time selecting and eating my food and I move away from the table as soon as my plate is full so I avoid non-stop grazing.

Canapés / buffet food:
  • Thai chicken bites
  • Sesame beef wraps
  • Smoky chicken skewers


No more hangovers


Don't be tempted to skip meals so you can stockpile calories for drinking. Alcohol only supplies empty calories, so avoiding proper meals to compensate for a booze splurge means you're losing out on valuable nutrients, just when your body needs them to help it detoxify. I stick to one type of drink and I make it a lighter-coloured one because they tend to be lower in the chemical by-products that can worsen a hangover. I aim to have no more than one alcoholic drink an hour, alternated with juice, water or soft drinks - perfect if you don't like holding an empty glass.
Read our guide to hangover cures, plus take our quiz and find out how many calories are in alcoholic drinks.


What to eat the next morning


My best 'morning after' breakfast is a frittata or omelette packed with veg. I love mushrooms for their energising B vitamins, tomatoes for vitamin C and onions for their liver-friendly sulphur compounds. If I have spinach to hand I'll add a generous handful because it's a great source of folate which helps my body repair DNA. Eggs are an excellent choice for the morning after because they provide choline, a nutrient that supports the liver. Add a sprinkle of cayenne pepper or a chopped chilli to boost circulation and rev up your recovery. If you can't face a cooked breakfast then have a smoothie made with fruits like bananas, oranges or kiwi - these are rich in potassium which helps replenish the electrolytes lost due to the diuretic effects of alcohol.

Morning-after breakfast:
  • Spanish spinach omelette
  • Artichoke & roasted red pepper soufflé omelette
  • One-pan English breakfast
  • Forest fruit & banana smoothie


Get back on track


After a big night out I don't skip meals, even if I have over-indulged. After all, it's the balance of your diet that's important. I apply the 80:20 principle - eating healthily 80% of the time, which allows me the space for delicious treats at weekends and on special occasions.





A registered Nutritional Therapist, Kerry Torrens is a contributing author to a number of nutritional and cookery publications including BBC Good Food. Kerry is a member of the The Royal Society of Medicine, Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council (CNHC), British Association for Applied Nutrition and Nutritional Therapy (BANT).
All health content on bbcgoodfood.com is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of your own doctor or any other health care professional. If you have any concerns about your general health, you should contact  your local health care provider. See our website terms and conditions for more information.

http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-stay-healthy-over-Christmas

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Thursday, 22 December 2016

Red cabbage microgreens lower 'bad' cholesterol in animal study

Microgreens are sprouting up everywhere from upscale restaurants to home gardens. They help spruce up old recipes with intense flavors and colors, and are packed with nutrients. Now testing has shown that for mice on a high-fat diet, red cabbage microgreens helped lower their risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease and reduce their weight gain. The report appears in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Microgreens are tender, immature plants and herbs that take only a week or two to grow before they're ready for harvesting. A growing body of research suggests that microgreens could offer more health benefits than their mature counterparts. And since previous studies have shown that full-grown red cabbage can help guard against excessive cholesterol, Thomas T.Y. Wang and colleagues wanted to see if red cabbage microgreens might have a similar or even greater effect than their larger counterparts.
 
 
To test their hypothesis, the researchers used mice that were a model for obesity. These animals also tend to develop high cholesterol and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The team divided 60 of these mice into different diet groups. They received food low in fat or high in fat, and with or without either red cabbage microgreens or mature red cabbage. Both the microgreens and mature cabbage diets reduced weight gain and levels of liver cholesterol in the mice on high-fat diets. But the study also showed that microgreens contained more potentially cholesterol-lowering polyphenols and glucosinolates than mature cabbage. The baby plants also helped lower LDL, or "bad," cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels in the animals.

Story Source:
Materials provided by American Chemical Society. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:
  1. Haiqiu Huang, Xiaojing Jiang, Zhenlei Xiao, Lu Yu, Quynhchi Pham, Jianghao Sun, Pei Chen, Wallace Yokoyama, Liangli Lucy Yu, Yaguang Sunny Luo, Thomas T. Y. Wang. Red Cabbage Microgreens Lower Circulating Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Liver Cholesterol, and Inflammatory Cytokines in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2016; 64 (48): 9161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03805

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Wednesday, 21 December 2016

Cancer spread is increased by a high fat diet, ground-breaking evidence shows

A study partly funded by UK charity Worldwide Cancer Research and headed by Professor Salvador Aznar Benitah, at the Institute for Research in Barcelona (IRB) have identified for the first time a specific protein called CD36 on cancer cells which have the ability to metastasize (spread). CD36, found in the cell membranes of tumour cells, is responsible for taking up fatty acids. This unique CD36 activity and dependence on fatty acids distinguishes metastasis-initiating cells from other tumour cells. The work was published today in the journal Nature.
Cancer is most deadly when it has begun to spread as successful treatment is much more difficult. Scientists around the globe are therefore trying to understand how the process occurs and develop new ways to stop it.

 
Professor Benitah's team found CD36 was present on metastatic cancer cells from patients with a range of different tumours including oral tumours, melanoma skin cancer, ovarian, bladder, lung and breast cancer. To confirm its essential role in cancer spread, they added CD36 to non-metastatic cancer cells which then caused the cells to become metastatic.  "Although we have not yet tested this in all tumour types, we can state that CD36 is a general marker of metastatic cells, the first I know of that is generally specific to metastasis," says Professor Benitah, Head of the Stem Cell and Cancer Lab at IRB Barcelona.
 
"We expect this study to have a big impact on the scientific community and to further advances in metastasis research, and we hope to be able to validate the potential of CD36 as an anti-metastasis treatment. Things like this don't happen every day."
 
The researchers next looked at the role of fat intake on cancer spread. They provided mice with a high fat diet then injected them with a type of human oral cancer. The high fat diet caused 50% more mice to have larger and more frequent metastases.
 
They went on to test a specific saturated fatty acid called palmitic acid -- a major component of animal and vegetable fats and present at high levels in palm oil which is used in many house hold products from peanut butter and processed food to toothpaste. The researchers treated human oral tumours with palmitic acid for two days then injected them into mice fed a standard diet. The team observed that all the mice with CD36 developed cancer spread compared to only half when not treated with palmitic acid.
 
"In mice inoculated with human tumour cells, there appears to be a direct link between fat intake and an increase in metastatic potential through CD36. More studies are needed to unravel this intriguing relationship, above all because industrialised countries are registering an alarming increase in the consumption of saturated fats and sugar," warns Professor Benitah. "Fat is necessary for the function of the body, but uncontrolled intake can have an effect on health, as already shown for some tumours such as colon cancer, and in metastasis, as we demonstrate here."
 
Using mice with human oral cancer, the researchers were next able to show that blocking CD36 completely prevented metastasis. In mice with cancer cells that had already metastasised, CD36 blocking antibodies led to the complete removal of metastases in 20% of the mice, whilst in the others it caused a dramatic reduction of 80-90% of metastases and reduced the size. Importantly, this was all achieved with no serious side effects.
 
The researchers are now developing new antibody-based therapeutics against CD36 that could potentially be suitable to treat a range of cancers in patients in the future.
 
Dr Lara Bennett, Science Communications Manager at Worldwide Cancer Research said: "We have been supporting Professor Benitah's work for a number of years and it is fantastic to now see these truly game-changing results. If the team are able to go on to develop this antibody into a treatment for humans it could save thousands of lives every year."

Story Source:
Materials provided by Worldwide Cancer Research. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:
  1. Gloria Pascual, Alexandra Avgustinova, Stefania Mejetta, Mercè Martín, Andrés Castellanos, Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini, Antoni Berenguer, Neus Prats, Agustí Toll, Juan Antonio Hueto, Coro Bescós, Luciano Di Croce, Salvador Aznar Benitah. Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36. Nature, 2016; DOI: 10.1038/nature20791

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Tuesday, 20 December 2016

7 Things You Can Do To Lose Weight Naturally


This short video has 3,000,000 views on YouTube, some great tips on how to lose weight naturally - what do you think? 




Silencing fat protein improves obesity and blood sugar

In a study published in the Journal of Lipid Research, Saint Louis University scientist Angel Baldan, Ph.D., reports that turning off a protein found in liver and adipose tissue significantly improves blood sugar levels, as well as reduces body fat in an animal model.
Baldan, who is associate professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at SLU, and members of his laboratory, conduct research on lipid metabolism focusing on cholesterol and triglycerides. In this particular study, they examined how lipids are metabolized in both the liver and fat tissue in mice treated with antisense oligonucleotides that reduce the expression of the protein FSP27.

 
High triglyceride counts in the liver, a condition commonly known as a "fatty liver," contribute to metabolic syndrome, the cluster of factors that raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes and other health conditions. Fatty liver disease is the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease, affecting 30 percent of Americans (a percentage that is predicted to rise in the next few decades), and is often driven by bad dietary choices.
"Obesity and fatty liver disease are intimately connected and pose a severe public health burden, given their high and growing prevalence in both adults and children," Baldan said. "The toolbox to manage patients with a fatty liver is scarce, beyond lifestyle modifications, appetite suppressant drugs and major surgical procedures. Better medical interventions are sorely needed for these patients."
In search of better options, Baldan looked to one of the proteins that regulate the metabolic fate of lipid droplets.
"When I think of fatty liver disease, I think of fatty hepatocytes -- liver cells," Baldan said. "Each cell has many lipid droplets, and those droplets contain triglycerides. The lipid droplets aren't skinny-dipping in the cells, though. They are coated by proteins. One such proteins is called 'fat-specific protein 27', or FSP27."
FSP27 is a lipid droplet-associated protein that prevents lipid mobilization and promotes lipid storage within the cell.
"Last year, we published a paper showing that in normal livers, this protein is essentially not present. The amounts of FSP27, however, rapidly increase in the liver after fasting or following a high-fat diet, and they correlate with the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. In fact, we found that this protein is necessary to accumulate triglycerides in the liver."
While it seems straightforward that a high-fat diet leads to accumulated triglycerides in the liver, it is less obvious why fasting causes a similar buildup. Baldan explains that fasting generates a physiological response in which the body turns to stored fat for energy, and as that fat is mobilized from the adipose tissue, it reaches the liver, causing triglycerides to accumulate there.
Having shown that FSP27 is necessary for triglyceride accumulation, Baldan hypothesized that obese mice would benefit from silencing this protein.
Baldan and his team studied two groups of mice with obesity, high blood sugar and fatty liver disease: one that consumed a high-fat diet (the dietary model) and another that was genetically modified to have this trait (the genetic model). Both groups of mice then were treated with or without antisense oligonucleotides to silence FSP27.
The team found that silencing FSP27 resulted in a robust decrease in visceral fat, increased insulin sensitivity in both adipose tissue and liver, and improved whole-body glycemic control in both models. However, despite the improved function of the liver the researchers did not see decreased triglyceride accumulation in the liver. Baldan and his team are currently exploring ways to potentiate the anti-FSP27 treatment to also reduce fatty liver.
Overall, the team found that reducing the levels and activity of FSP27 may be beneficial in treating those who are obese or overweight and insulin-resistant, and that the therapeutic silencing of FSP27 in the mice fed a high-fat diet reduces body fat without worsening fatty liver disease.
"This study suggests that turning FSP27 down has potential as a therapy for insulin-resistant obese or overweight patients," Baldan said.

Story Source:
Materials provided by Saint Louis UniversityNote: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference:
  1. Cédric Langhi, Noemí Arias, Ananthi Rajamoorthi, Jeannine Basta, Richard G. Lee, Ángel Baldán. Therapeutic silencing of Fat Specific Protein 27 improves glycemic control in mouse models of obesity and insulin resistanceJournal of Lipid Research, 2016; jlr.M069799 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M069799

Direct link between REM sleep loss, desire for sugary and fatty foods discovered

It is not well understood what role sleep loss plays in affecting areas of the brain that control the desire to consume unhealthy foods. A new paper published on December 6 in the journal eLife finds that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep loss leads to increased consumption of unhealthy foods, specifically sucrose and fat. The researchers at the University of Tsukuba's International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS) used a new method to produce REM sleep loss in mice along with a chemical-genetic technique to block prefrontal cortex neurons and the behaviors they mediate. As a result, the IIIS researchers discovered that inhibiting these neurons reversed the effect of REM sleep loss on sucrose consumption while having no effect on fat consumption.

REM sleep is a unique phase of sleep in mammals that is closely associated with dreaming and characterized by random eye movement and almost complete paralysis of the body. The prefrontal cortex plays a role in judging the palatability of foods through taste, smell and texture. Moreover, persons who are obese tend to have increased activity in the prefrontal cortex when exposed to high calorie foods. "Our results suggest that the medial prefrontal cortex may play a direct role in controlling our desire to consume weight promoting foods, high in sucrose content, when we are lacking sleep," says Kristopher McEown, the lead author on this project.

Story Source:
Materials provided by University of Tsukuba. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:
  1. Kristopher McEown Yohko Takata Yoan Cherasse Nanae Nagata Kosuke Aritake Michael Lazarus. Chemogenetic inhibition of the medial prefrontal cortex reverses the effects of REM sleep loss on sucrose consumption. eLife, December 2016 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.20269.001

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